What Is Petroleum Jelly Chemical Composition

Question: What Is Petroleum Jelly? Petroleum jelly or petrolatum was discovered as a paraffin-like material coating oil rigs. Since then, it has been used in various ointments and as a lubricant. Here is a look at what petroleum jelly is and its chemical composition. Answer: Petroleum jelly is made by the waxy petroleum material that formed on oil rigs and distilling it. The lighter and thinner oil-based products make up petroleum jelly, also known as white petrolatum or simply as petrolatum. Robert Chesebrough is the chemist who devised and patented this process (U.S. Patent 127,568) in 1872. Basically, the crude material undergoes vacuum distillation. The still residue is then filtered through bone char to yield petroleum jelly. At room temperature, petroleum jelly is an odorless semi-solid which consists of a mixture of hydrocarbons. The primary hydrocarbon is 1,1,2-Trimethylbenzeindole (C15H15N), which has a CAS number 8009-03-8. Petroleum Jelly Uses Petroleum jelly is an ingredient in many cosmetics and lotions. Originally it was marketed as a burn ointment. While petroleum jelly does not cure burns or other wounds, it does seal a cleaned burn or injury off from contamination or further infection. Petroleum jelly also may be applied to dry or chapped skin to seal in moisture. A variation known as red veterinary petroleum confers some protection against UV (ultraviolet) exposure and has been used as a sunscreen. Safety Concerns While petroleum jelly is widely used, it often contains Mineral Oil Aromatic Hydrocarbons (MOHA) and polyaromatics, which may be carcinogenic. Sources Kircik, Leon H. (2013). Comparative study of the efficacy and tolerability of a unique topical scar product vs white petrolatum following shave biopsies. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology. 12(1), 86-90. doi: 10.1002/anie.201600521Warentest, Stiftung. Mineralà ¶le in Kosmetika - Kritische Stoffe in Cremes, Lippenpflegeprodukten und Vaseline - Stiftung Warentest. www.test.de.

The Success Of A Business Owner - 999 Words

Being an entrepreneur is about believing in something and standing for what you believe in. The reasons entrepreneurs start businesses is to be successful as well as to make money. No one ever starts a business with the intent to fail, however if a business does fail most entrepreneurs learn from their mistakes and try again. The mentality of successful business owner is an I will not lose attitude that motivates that person to not accept failure as an option. Having what it takes to survive and succeed is a core value of entrepreneurs, making it your civil duty to find solutions to problems people face on a daily basis. In my research I think the main objective of an entrepreneur, is to change the world in a way that will benefit everyone in one way or another. This is the entrepreneurs right and clear intention to make sure they are operating from a good intent and integrity. Entrepreneurs that have achieved a pinnacle of success often ask themselves, How can I help? or better yet you ask yourself, How can I serve?. These are the the main motivating factors an entrepreneur needs to create a plan of action. Any entrepreneur that is successful in business has an instinctive ability to see problems and needs that people have as an opportunity to apply their entrepreneurial capabilities to come up with solutions and satisfy a person s problems or needs. Another great example are social media entrepreneurs whoShow MoreRelatedThe Success And Success Of A Small Business Owner754 Words   |  4 Pages This is a difficult feat many business owners find to be very difficult and challenging. The life of a small business owner is one filled with many challenges, both big and small. Many factors will determine the levels of confidence and success that a small business will experience. The small business optimism index consists of results compiled by a survey of small business owners, conducted on a monthly basis by the National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB). The surveys componentsRead MoreThe Success Life of Business Owner and Entrepreneur, Simon Cowell518 Words   |  3 PagesSimon Cowell is a great co business owner and entrepreneur. He has helped create many great production companies; one of his best though is SyCo which he owns fifty-fifty with Sony Music Entertainment and was founded in 2002. SyCo employs a number of great people such as; Global CEO Charles Garland (day-to-day operations), Sir Philip Green (advisor), and Karren Brady (advisor). In 2010, Ellis Watson CEO of SyCo Entertainment, resigned. SyCo’s main productions are Got Talent and The X Factor whichRead MoreBuilding A Solid Business Organization962 Words   |  4 Pagessufficiently. If a company doesn’t apply these techniques strongly to their business, they could end up with nothing very fast. Another idea is a deprecating rumor about a company that can lead to its downfall. A company is like building a house. If you don’t build the house on a solid foundation, then it will not last. Foundations Many variables go into building a solid business. When generating a new successful business, a business owner has to generate what his or her company’s values and purpose willRead MoreMcdonald University School Of Hotel Administration1482 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the biggest objectives for restaurant owners is proper planning and using a business plan to implement their company’s goals, to raise their levels of success. Additionally, one needs to plan so that they can become experienced, be financially prepared, knowledgeable of their market and its customers, and pay close attention to customer quality. The Cornell University School of Hotel Administration confirms that the most successful restaurateurs have a clear concept and the ability to implementRead MoreEssay on Muzz Buzz Business Investigation1366 Words   |  6 PagesMuzz Buzz Information: Muzz Buzz was first founded in Belmont, Western Australia in 2001 and soon found to be a success and began franchising in 2004 and later started to franchise the business out of Western Australia in 2006. Muzz Buzz now has around 53 stores together across Australia. Muzz Buzz is a Western Australian started business and primarily based here with 38 drive thru’s. Having a large selection of foods and drinks to select from it makes it simple to come to Muzz Buzz because it isRead Morebtec business level3 unit 1 d11348 Words   |  6 Pagesorganisation. Manager is one of the stakeholders in Carphone warehouse. The influence the manager has on Carphone warehouse is very important. The manager in Carphone house is driven by success and will look for innovative ways to maximise profitability, constantly pushing boundaries to deliver, exceed business objectives and raising the customer’s expectation and experience. The manager is in charge of motivating employees and always making sure they are providing consumers with the best of serviceRead MoreBusiness Objectives Of Starting A Business810 Words   |  4 Pageswhen starting a business, the following items must be addressed: 1. Mission Statement Develop a simple statement that will express the business’s vision and convey the company big picture. This allows the mission statement will put the vision into words and set the tone for the company objectives. The mission statement becomes the blueprint for the core values of the business and helps to establish a code of conduct. 2. Setting Business Objectives It is important that business objectives beRead MoreHealthcare Business Organization Paper822 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness Organization Paper Healthcare has drastically changed over the years in the United States. As our population is growing in size, a shortage of the number of health care professionals is also growing. Entrepreneurs have greatly benefited the world of health care by assisting with creating more jobs, producing products and services to assist and meet the growing needs of the population, and starting new business organizations to meet the needs of today’s economy. There are different formsRead MoreStrategic Plan, Part Iii: Balanced Scorecard1060 Words   |  5 PagesConceptualizing Business Children’s Resale Shop is a store for parents to purchase and sell quality children’s items. Just like any other organization Children’s Stop Resale Shop needs to have a vision, mission, and values in determining the strategic direction of the business. Developing the vision is important to know what direction the business is heading in. Laying out the guiding principles and values will assist in guiding the business in the correct directions. Children’s Stop Resale ShopRead MoreStakeholders Have A Huge Influence On Business1614 Words   |  7 Pagesin the business; this could be an interest in the product or services, or the operations of the business. There are different types of stakeholders, this include the employees of the business, the customers, the suppliers, the owners, local people, the government and the trade unions. Stakeholders have a huge influence on business, they can change a lot of the operations if they are unhappy, and the business m ust make an attempt to fulfil their wishes to have an effective company. * Owners who are

One can learn a great deal about the Boreal Shield by taking a trip to Sudbury Free Essays

One One can learn a great deal about the Boreal Shield by taking a trip to Sudbury. It is a city in the Boreal Shield region where the lumber and mining industries dominate its economy. The paper and pulp mills and the Nickel mine are symbols of this great city. We will write a custom essay sample on One can learn a great deal about the Boreal Shield by taking a trip to Sudbury or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, the re-greening program at Sudbury is a success, making the city unique in Canada. Sudbury continues to grow and strive from the benefits of the lumber and mining industries and the world-own re-greening program. Sudbury is famous for its mines that are filled with many types of ores. After the ores are mined, they become valuable minerals such as nickel and copper. It all started when Tom Flanagan, who is a blacksmith, discovered copper sulphide while constructing the Canadian Pacific Railway back in the 1883. (Noda) These copper sulphides were believed to have come from a meteorite that had crashed near Sudbury 1. 8 billion years ago. It also created a crater, which is now called the Sudbury basin. Today, two big companies, INCO and Falcon Bridge, are the most well known for mining the valuable minerals in Sudbury. INCO has been operating for twenty more years while Falcon Bridge has been around for less then twenty years. (Aelick) These mining companies provide jobs to Canadians living in the Boreal Shield. INCO employed nearly 20000 Canadian workers to dig and mine for the ores. Their jobs require them to go down to the open pits, which are approximately 1. 2 km long and 180 m deep. Each time they mine, they take out about 60 million tones of ore. Each ore mined only has 2. 5% of valuable minerals usable. Other minerals in the ore include 1. 2% of silver, 1. % of copper and 97. 5% of unusable waste. In average, mines can produce 462,000 kg of nickel and 116, 800 tonnes of copper per day. The mining industry is very important to the economy in Sudbury because nickel mined there are worth about 1. 5 billion dollars. That is also about 15% of the world’s production of nickel. In Ontario, about 60% of copper is mainly found in Sudbury. Over the years of developing INCO, fewer employees work for the company. Since now, there are only 5000 employees left because technology and machines are built to mine for them. With better technology, the mining companies in Sudbury can be more productive and competitive in the global economy. (Aelick) It is reasonable to say that the forest industries survive well in the Boreal Shield because of the plentiful lumbers in the area. The trees near Sudbury are grown really slowly because of its low precipitation and long winters. The types of trees are mostly white spruce, balsam fir, black spruce, jack pine and tamarack. Lumber productions and Pulp and Paper industries use about 80% of the technique of clear cutting on the forest because it is a lot cheaper than selective cutting. Wallace) They are environment friendly because they replanted trees after cutting so new forests can grow. Another reason why the forest industries are doing so well is because they use efficient tools. Some machines they use to harvest wood are the feller buncher, skidder and de-limber. The feller buncher is used to grab and cut down trees. A skidder is a machine that pulls the wood out of the ground. A de-limber is another machine that snaps off the limbs of the trees. (DOMTAR) Paper and Pulp Mills is a company that uses chips of wood to create wood pulp. They use about 2000 tonnes of wood chips and cook it as it turns into pulp and paper. The wastes go into lagoons. They will drain it out to collect solids that are to be sold as fertilizers. (Ramsay) Today, approximately 95% of Canada’s papers are made out of wood pulp. This pulp can create different sorts of papers such as newspapers, paper towel, magazine paper and cardboard, which may be sold to other parts of Canada. The success from the re-greening program in Sudbury is well known and complimented by many people. Many years ago, Mrs. O’Leary’s cow accidentally kicked over a lamp, which caused a fire and destroyed most of Chicago. This affected Sudbury because of the sulphur dioxide blown from Chicago by the wind and it destroyed much of Sudbury’s vegetations. Vegetations have started to grow again. It has been hard to get rid the sulphur dioxide. Later in the 1969’s super stacks were made to lift the poisonous gas to a height of 381 meters high. (Anonymous) As soon as the super stacks were created, the citizens want to re-green Sudbury. They started to plant thousands of trees but hardly any of them survived. They thought of new ways to plant and finally they experimented with limestone. It worked! As a result, they hired many students who were looking for part-time jobs. At one time, there were 200 students and 200 miners helping to re-green Sudbury. They would spend their summer pulling dead limbs, hauling countless bags of lime fertilizer and grass seed through Sudbury. Because of its success in re-greening, Sudbury won 4 national and international environmental improvement awards. One of them for highly respected commendation from the United Nations. (Globe and Mail) Along with the mining and forestry industries, the re-greening program in Sudbury allowed the city to be an important center for activities in the Boreal Shield. The mining and forestry created many jobs for Canadians and provide many products to the world. The re-greening program helped promote Sudbury and Canada to be environmental friendly places. All of this created a great place to live called Sudbury. How to cite One can learn a great deal about the Boreal Shield by taking a trip to Sudbury, Papers

Current Surgical Treatment of Gallstones Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Current Surgical Treatment of Gallstones. Answer: Introduction: Effective clinical reasoning skills in nursing practice ensure positive patient outcomes. Conversely, poor clinical reasoning skills lead to patients deterioration (Salminen et al., 2014). The term clinical reasoning in nursing refers to the process of collecting cues, processing patient related information, understanding the health condition of the patient, planning and development of intervention, evaluation of outcome and reflecting on the outcomes and the process. The entire process is a not linear rather each step of the process is a cycle of linked and ongoing clinical encounters (Dalton et al., 2015). Levett Jone developed the clinical reasoning cycle and it is vital in nursing profession. The essay deals with the case study of 49-year-old man Mr. Kasim Al-Mutar who presents to the emergency department with cholecystitis. The essay presents the health assessment of the patient using the Levett Jones clinical reasoning framework. The clinical reasoning cycle is a dynamic Management process and consists of several stages. The first step of the framework is the consideration of the patients situation. In the given case study, Mr. Kasim Al-Mutar, a 49 year old man with cholecystitis is presented to the emergency department. He presents following two days of right upper quadrant abdominal pain, vomiting and fever. Cholecystitis is the condition associated with gallbladder inflammation. In this condition, the gallstones obstruct the cystic duct. It result in build up of bile in the gall bladder leading to inflammation. The most common sign of the acute cholecystitis is abdominal pain and tenderness in right upper quadrant or RUQ (Bosch et al., 2016). It is the typical compliant for his age and gender. According to Wichmann et al., (2010) the risk of cholecystitis increases with age. In Australia this is the common condition in 25-30% people aged 50 years and above. Acute cholecystitis is more common in men than wo men who get gallstones more often. Therefore, it is common for Mr. Kasim to experience these symptoms. However, further assessment is needed to determine the exact cause of the symptom and identify the presence of gallstones. The next step of the clinical reasoning cycle is collection of cues and information related to the clinical situation presented. For this purpose, it is important to review the handover information. Based on the clinical handover by previous nurse, the patient had heart rate of 126, blood pressure of 100/45 and temperature of 38.5 which indicates fever . The handover informs severe pain in right upper quadrant with last episode of vomiting 2 hours ago. Upon collecting more information on the patient from the previous nurse, it was found that the patient is pale with dry mucous membrane. The patient is thirsty and is requesting water to drink. Additional information gained from the previous reports includes shoulder tip pain. The patient reported a pain score of 7 on a scale of 10. Upon collecting information on patients family, it was found that the only member to support and care for Mr. Kasim is his 12-year-old daughter. The clinical handover does not provide information on presence of abdominal sounds which is the most common diagnostic test ordered to diagnose cholecystitis. The information does not indicate if the pain was initially colicky and if later has turned to be constant. There should have been more information on the level of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase which, provide an evidence on the obstruction of bile duct. There is a need of complete blood count test for diagnosis and confirmation of a cute cholecystitis by identifying the markers of inflammation (Yabluchansky et al., 2016). The information collected from the handover needs to be processed to proceed with further health assessment of the patient. The processing of obtained clinical information is the next stage of clinical reasoning cycle. To start with the vital signs the heart rate of patient which is 126 beats per minute is indicative of tachycardia (Yabluchansky et al., 2016). His blood pressure of 100/45 indicates hypotension and fever is indicated by his temperature of 38.8C. Further, the patient has been vomiting 2 hours ago. According to Yabluchansky et al., (2016) the most common symptoms of acute cholecystitis include fever, vomitting, tachycardia, and abdominal pain. According to McPheeters and Karp, (2015) nausea and vomiting in this condition is associated with biliary colic which is the condition caused when bile duct is temporarily blocked by the gallstones. Therefore, these symptoms match in the case of the patient. The patients of acute cholecystitis report upper abdominal pain, which th en radiates to the right shoulder or scapula. Further, the pain frequently begins in the epigastric region and then localises in the RUQ (Bosch et al., 2016). A similar symptom has been absorbed in case of Mr. Kasim whose clinical history shows shoulder tip pain and severe RUQ pain. The pain score of 7 out of 10 indicates a dominant pain. It indicates severe pain that dominates the senses. This severe pain significantly interferes with sleep and limits the ability to perform the normal daily activities (Strong et al., 2014). Further, the pale skin of the patient indicates anaemia, and the patient is dehydrated as evident from the dry mucous membrane and patients willingness to drink water. It indicates the need of setting up intravenous fluid immediately (Jeong Jung, 2016). It is necessary to judge the present condition of the patient using critical thinking skills to identify the problems and issues. Based on the symptoms of the patient the most suspected diagnosis is acute cholecystitis considering the symptoms and literature (Le Finlayson, 2016). There is a need of focussed health assessment. The laboratory tests of amylase /lipase, liver function test, cardiac enzymes and b-HCG will better eliminate the irrelevant options from the differential diagnosis. Some of the symptoms are also common in case of common bile duct obstruction, and acalculous cholecystitis (Barie Eachempati, 2015).These diagnostic tests are essential because acute cholecystitis and common bile duct obstruction is confirmed with increased level of Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin and alakaline. In acute cholecystitis, amylase and lipase are mildly elevated. Therefore, these tests will rule out the possibilities of other problems such as appendiciti s (Victory et al., 2017). If the fever is due to infection it will be evident from the rise in WBC (positive blood cultures). The correct information of the diagnosis can be achieved from the acute abdominal series and ultrasound of the right upper quadrant. In case the acute abdominal series is negative then the information from the ultrasound test will be the last resort for correct diagnosis. It is because the right upper quadrant ultrasound informs about the presence of the gallstones, perichocholecystic fluid, thickening of the gall bladder wall thickening, sonographic Murphys sign and other abnormalities in pancreas, liver, kidney and other things such as air in the wall of the gallbaaldder. Further, secondary imaging tests such as computed tomography can help identify the extrabilary disorder (Adhikari et al., 2014). Most of the symptoms direct towards that of acute cholecystitis, which in most cases occur due to gallstones. However, in many patients having gallstones do not lead to these symptoms. Some patients may not have cholecystitis, however, may present with similar symptoms such as inflamed gallbladder (Yabluchansky et al., 2016). In cases other than acute cholecystitis such as catarrhal inflammation, patients have been found to be infected with pyogenic bacteria that lead to fever. It may result in inflammation and perforation of the mucous membrane. These conditions are different from the cholecystitis. In case of the patient Mr. Kasim, the possibility of Jaundice is not present. In most cases unless common bile duct obstruction, Jaundice is absent (Guo et al., 2014). Many people with typical gall bladder attack have similar symptoms but do not have severe pain similar to acute cholecystitis (Jeong Jung, 2014). The last step of the clinical reasoning cycle is the detailed health assessment of the patient. Prior to the assessment ad developing care plan there is a need of detailed assessment which include the following- Ultrasonography- it is the initial imaging test preferred for the patient of cholecystitis. It is followed by CT scan which is secondary imaging test to identify extra-biliary disorders. It also identifies acute complications of cholecystitis. Cholecystography as per Le and Finlayson, (2016) can reveal the stones in the biliary system. The nurse must assess the skin and mucous membrane followed by assessment of peripheral pulses and capillary refill. Followed this the nurse must assess for abdominal distension, and any reluctance to move. Nurse must report if there is any frequent belching and guarding in patient. Later the nurse must assess the pattern of the pain and any risk of malnutrition. Based on the assessment the major goals for the patient include relieving pain and promoting rest. The immediate attention to the patient include maintaing fluid and electrolyte balance and prevention of complications (Adhikari et al., 2014). In conclusion, the competent professional practice requires sophisticated thinking skills. Critical reasoning in nursing is vital as nurses are significant part of the judgements and the decision-making in heath care. Patients are sometimes presented with the complex symptoms which may overlap with other diseases. Ineffective judgment may lead to development of inappropriate interventions. Consequently, it may give rise to patients deterioration and mortality. Thus, clinical reasoning cycle is one of the most important learning approaches for preparedness of professional nurse practice. References Adhikari, S., Morrison, D., Lyon, M., Zeger, W., Krueger, A. (2014). Utility of point-of-care biliary ultrasound in the evaluation of emergency patients with isolated acute non-traumatic epigastric pain.Internal and emergency medicine,9(5), 583-587. Askew, J. (2005). A survey of the current surgical treatment of gallstones in Queensland.ANZ journal of surgery,75(12), 1086-1089. Barie, P. S., Eachempati, S. R. (2015). Acute acalculous cholecystitis. InAcute Cholecystitis(pp. 187-196). Springer International Publishing. Barie, P. S., Franck, P. (2015). History of Medical and Surgical Management of Acute Cholecystitis. InAcute Cholecystitis(pp. 1-16). Springer International Publishing. Bosch, D., Schmidt, J. N., Kendall, J. (2016). Acute Cholecystitis Detected by Serial Emergency Department Focused Right Upper Quadrant Ultrasound.Journal of Medical Ultrasound,24(2), 66-69. Dalton, L., Gee, T., Levett-Jones, T. (2015). Using clinical reasoning and simulation-based education to'flip'the Enrolled Nurse curriculum.Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, The,33(2), 29. Guo, S., Lei, J., Zhai, Y., Chen, P., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., ... Guo, Y. (2014). Quantitative Analysis of Focal Liver Injury Using the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Patients with Biliary Obstruction from Common Bile Duct Stones: A Pilot Study.Current Molecular Imaging,3(3), 240-245. Jeong, C. Y., Jung, S. H. (2016). Acute Cholecystitis after Screening Colonoscopy.Korean Journal of Pancreas and Biliary Tract,21(4), 228-231. Le, S. T., Finlayson, E. (2016). Surgical vs Non-Surgical Management of Acute Cholecystitis in Nursing Home Patients.Journal of the American College of Surgeons,223(4), S118. McPheeters, R. A., Karp, J. (2015). ABDOMINAL PAIN, NAUSEA, AND VOMITING.Emergency Medicine Secrets. Salminen, H., Zary, N., Bjrklund, K., Toth-Pal, E., Leanderson, C. (2014). Virtual patients in primary care: developing a reusable model that fosters reflective practice and clinical reasoning.Journal of medical Internet research,16(1), e3. Strong, J., van Griensven, H., Vincenzino, B. (2014). Pain assessment and measurement. Victory, J., Meytes, V., Parizh, D., Ferzli, G., Nemr, R. (2017). Co-existent appendicitis and cholecystitis.Annals of Laparoscopic and Endoscopic Surgery,2(1). Wichmann, M. W., Lang, R., Beukes, E., Esufali, S. T., Jauch, K. W., Httl, T. K., Httl, T. P. (2010). Laparoscopic cholecystectomycomparison of early postoperative results in an Australian rural centre and a German university hospital.Langenbeck's archives of surgery,395(3), 255-260. Yabluchansky, M., Bogun, L., Martymianova, L., Bychkova, O., Lysenko, N., Makienko, N. (2016). Cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis and functional biliary disorders.